Multivalent binding of small guest molecules and proteins to molecular printboards inside microchannels

Beta-Cyclodextrin (beta-CD) monolayers have been immobilized in microchannels. The host-guest interactions on the beta-CD monolayers inside the channels were comparable to the interactions on beta-CD monolayers on planar surfaces, and a divalent fluorescent guest attached with a comparable binding strength. Proteins were attached to these monolayers inside microchannels in a selective manner by employing a strategy that uses streptavidin and orthogonal linker molecules. The design of the chip, which involved a large channel that splits into four smaller channels, allowed the channels to be addressed separately and led to the selective immobilization of antibodies. Experiments with labeled antibodies showed the selective immobilization of these antibodies in the separate channels.     

Aerial Vehicle Search-Path Optimization: A Novel Method for Emergency Operations

This paper presents a novel search-path optimization method for moving target search by an aerial vehicle, applicable to realistically sized search areas. For such missions, long endurance vehicles are needed, which are usually fixed-winged. The proposed method accounts for flight kinematics of fixed-wing and rotary-wing aerial vehicles. It additionally accounts for movements of the target, considerably increasing complexity of search-path optimization, compared to a static target. The objective is to maximize the probability to detect a conditionally deterministic moving target within a given time period. We propose a first K-step-lookahead planning method that takes flight kinematic constraints into account and in which the target and platform state space are heterogeneous. It consists of a binary integer linear program that yields a physically feasible search-path, while maximizing the probability of detection. It is based on the Max-K-Coverage problem, as it selects K waypoints while maximizing the probability that a target is within the field of view of a platform at one of these waypoints. This K-step-lookahead planning method is embedded in an iterative framework, where the probability of overlooking a target is fed back to the controller after observations are made. Simulations show the applicability and effectiveness of this method.     

First Long-Distance SRN1 on a propargylic chloride

We report here the first example of a Long-Distance S_RN1 (LD-S_RN1) reaction on a propargylic chloride. The reaction of 1-(3-chloroprop-1-ynyl)-4-nitrobenzene (1) with nitronate anions led to both the formation of the C-alkylation product through an LD-S_RN1 mechanism and the ethylenic compound resulting from nitrous acid elimination on the C-alkylation product 2. In contrast with previous work on LD-S_RN1 reactivity, no O-alkylation product was observed. Only one original product 4 was isolated under phase transfer conditions, resulting from a nucleophilic attack by 2-nitropropane anion on the electrophilic alkyne. This LD-S_RN1 reactivity did not extend to sulfinate anions; the reaction of 1 with sulfinate anions yielded original ethylenic disulfone compounds which were formed via an ionic process.     

An Interacting Particle Model and a Pieri-Type Formula for the Orthogonal Group

We introduce a new interacting particle model with blocking and pushing interactions. Particles evolve on ?₊ jumping on their own volition rightwards or leftwards according to geometric jumps with parameter q∈(0,1). We show that the model involves a Pieri-type formula for the orthogonal group. We prove that the two extreme cases—q=0 and q=1—lead, respectively, to the random tiling model studied in Borodin and Kuan (Commun. Pure Appl. Math. 67:831–894, 2010) and the random matrix model considered in forthcoming paper of Defosseux (Electr. Commun. Probab., 2012).     

Temporal predictions based on a gradual change in tempo

Previous studies investigating sensitivity to step changes in tempo and prediction of tone onset time have generally utilized isochronous sequences. This study investigates subjects' ability to detect deviations from a gradual change in the tempo of a tone sequence (experiment 1) and their judgment of the perceptually optimal timing of this tone (experiment 2). In experiment 1, inter-onset-intervals within pairs of eight-tone sequences followed a geometric progression to create a gradual tempo change. In one sequence, the final tone was presented either earlier or later than specified by the progression. Subjects performed well at detecting deviations that exaggerated the tempo progression but poorly when it was counteracted. Experiment 2 used similar pairs except that the final tone was always presented earlier in one sequence than the other. Final interval length was adaptively adjusted to subjects' judgments; it was adjudged in best agreement with the progression when its length was roughly half way between the mathematically correct value and the length of the penultimate interval. The data support "multiple-look" and entrainment models of tempo sensitivity and suggest that temporal prediction is based less on the tempo contour of a whole sequence than on the duration of the preceding interval.     

Nitric oxide release during evoked neuronal activity in cerebellum slices: detection with platinized carbon-fiber microelectrodes.

Nitric oxide is an important biological messenger that particularly induces the relaxation of smooth muscle cells surrounding vessels, and, hence, controls the flow of blood. This mechanism is essential for brain function, and its fine control, termed functional hyperemia, is supposed to be realized by certain neurons that may release bursts of NO*. The aim of the present study is to examine the advantages of platinized carbon-fiber microelectrodes (5-7 microm tip diameter) for the direct and in situ electrochemical detection of NO* released by neurons into ex vivo cerebellum slices. After establishing the different analytical properties of the platinized carbon-fiber microelectrodes in vitro on NO* solutions at 50 nM to 1 mM concentration, they were characterized using DEA-NONOate solutions that chemically decompose into NO*, and therefore mimic the measurement of transient variations of NO* concentration in biological samples. This validated the present approach, so that direct, in situ ex vivo measurements of nitric oxide released by neurons in a rat cerebellar slice are presented and discussed.     

Demonstration of Green Solvent Performance on O,S,N-Heterocycles Synthesis: Metal-Free Click Chemistry and Buchwald—Hartwig Coupling

The development of new and greener approaches to organic synthesis has been a trend in recent years. Continuing the latest publications of our team, in this work, we demonstrate the efficiency of three solvents: eucalyptol (1,8-cineole), cyclopentyl methyl ether (CPME), and 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (2-MeTHF) for the synthesis of O,S,N-heterocyclic compounds.     

Quantum symmetry groups of Hilbert modules equipped with orthogonal filtrations

We define and show the existence of the quantum symmetry group of a Hilbert module equipped with an orthogonal filtration. Our construction unifies the constructions of Banica–Skalski?s quantum symmetry group of a C^?$C^{?}$-algebra equipped with an orthogonal filtration and Goswami?s quantum isometry group of an admissible spectral triple.